Effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for people with multiple sclerosis: a meta-synthesis of patient perspectives

While previous randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses offer only limited evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, qualitative studies examining patient perspectives report more positive outcomes. This meta-synthesis of qualitative studies examined patient perspectives of cognitive rehabilitation for memory, attention, and executive function problems in people with multiple sclerosis. Using set eligibility criteria, we screened electronic databases, reference lists, and academic networks for relevant papers. Seven papers (195 participants) were selected. Two independent researchers conducted quality appraisals of papers. Data analysis, guided by the thematic synthesis approach, yielded six main themes. These suggested that patients benefitted from the group environment in rehabilitation. Cognitive rehabilitation facilitated the participants’ reflection and awareness of their cognitive deficits, and was associated with increased knowledge and understanding of their illness. Increased strategy use was reported and associated with improvements in cognitive functioning and greater confidence and perseverance. Participants reported emotional and social improvements, and felt more optimistic. Overall, these changes had a positive impact on participants’ quality of life. This synthesis of qualitative studies indicates that people with multiple sclerosis who experience cognitive deficits benefit from cognitive rehabilitation programmes. This finding must, however, be viewed in light of the limitations of this meta-synthesis. The meta-synthesis was registered in the PROSPERO database under CRD42017040148.     

Patient navigation across the cancer care continuum: An overview of systematic reviews and emerging literature

Patient navigation is a strategy for overcoming barriers to reduce disparities and to improve access and outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review was to identify, critically appraise, synthesize, and present the best available evidence to inform policy and planning regarding patient navigation across the cancer continuum. Systematic reviews examining navigation in cancer care were identified in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Epistemonikos, and Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) databases and in the gray literature from January 1, 2012, to April 19, 2022. Data were screened, extracted, and appraised independently by two authors. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses was used for quality appraisal. Emerging literature up to May 25, 2022, was also explored to capture primary research published beyond the coverage of included systematic reviews. Of the 2062 unique records identified, 61 systematic reviews were included. Fifty-four reviews were quantitative or mixed-methods reviews, reporting on the effectiveness of cancer patient navigation, including 12 reviews reporting costs or cost-effectiveness outcomes. Seven qualitative reviews explored navigation needs, barriers, and experiences. In addition, 53 primary studies published since 2021 were included. Patient navigation is effective in improving participation in cancer screening and reducing the time from screening to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Emerging evidence suggests that patient navigation improves quality of life and patient satisfaction with care in the survivorship phase and reduces hospital readmission in the active treatment and survivorship care phases. Palliative care data were extremely limited. Economic evaluations from the United States suggest the potential cost-effectiveness of navigation in screening programs.     

两种腰痛家庭训练方案的临床疗效

目的:比较两种家庭训练方案对腰痛患者的临床疗效。方法:门诊招募60例腰痛患者随机分为常规组(n=30)和核心组(n=30)。两组患者均接受腰痛防护知识宣教及评估。常规组接受常规家庭训练方案指导;核心组接受麦吉尔(McGill)"三大训练"(Big3)家庭方案指导。之后两组患者独立完成6周家庭训练。训练前后采用汉化Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)和疼痛目测类比定级法(visual analogus scale,VAS)作为主要评估指标,腰部活动度和躯干肌群的肌耐力作为次要评估指标对患者治疗效果进行评估。根据患者训练的完成度、自觉帮助度及满意度评估患者治疗依从性及家庭训练方案的可行性。结果:常规组和核心组分别有24例和25例完成了家庭训练。经过6周家庭训练后,两组患者的ODI及VAS均有明显降低(P<0.01)、腰部ROM均有明显增加(P<0.01);常规组部分躯干肌群和核心组全部躯干肌群的肌耐力明显增强(P<0.01);核心组的ODI、VAS和右侧侧方肌的肌耐力与常规组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05);核心组患者的自觉帮助度及满意度得分与常规组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:两种腰痛家庭训练方案均可行并有效。与常规家庭训练方案相比,Big3家庭训练方案对于改善腰痛患者疼痛和功能障碍方面具有更好的临床疗效,并且患者的接受度更高。     

住院成人患者血压测量袖带尺寸选择的最佳证据总结

目的 根据上臂围选用合适尺寸袖带测量血压的最佳证据进行总结,为临床提供理论参考。方法 根据循证护理的方法确立问题,利用计算机按“6S”证据模型,检索有关血压测量袖带尺寸的选择,包括指南、专家共识、临床决策和证据总结,由4名完成循证护理培训的研究员对纳入的文献独立评价,并对选取出符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取。结果 该研究纳入证据7篇,其中临床实践指南4篇、专家共识2篇、系统评价1篇,对相关证据进行汇总,总结了3方面内容。结论 应加强对医护人员血压测量规范流程的培训,根据患者的上臂围选用尺寸适合的袖带进行血压测量,减少因袖带不当带来的测量误差以减少高血压误诊和漏诊。     

La prise en charge du sujet âgé dépressif en thérapies cognitivo-comportementales : aspects pratiques et spécificités

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective approach for a wide range of psychological problems affecting older adults. A variety of empirical and clinical papers have examined modifications to the content and delivery of CBT to enhance its efficacy with older adults. But when mental health problems do occur in the elderly, these problems are often overlooked. Thus, only a fraction of elderly persons with psychological distress receive effective treatment despite evidence that interventions can be effective for the elderly. It is important to be aware of mental health symptoms, particularly depression, and to be knowledgeable about the various treatment options available and effective for adults in later stages of life. Depression is significant problem among the elderly. Due to complexities in the medical management of elderly patients, researchers and clinicians have sought psychosocial alternatives to pharmacotherapy in order to treat depression in the elderly. Cognitive-behavioral therapy in particular has been investigated as a promising treatment. Research conducted to date has established that cognitive-behavioral therapy produces significant improvement in depression symptoms among the elderly. Issues around optimizing the structure of CBT with older adults are presented, along with suggestions for realizing these changes within a clinical context.